Carbon Accounting Alliance Wiki - User contributions [en]

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T16:05:29Z

WikiSysop: /* Quotes from emission factor database users */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EPD Library|EPD Library]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Open CEDA|Open CEDA]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EGRID|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Electricity Info|Electricity Info]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)]]
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:WIOD|WIOD (or EEIO)]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
=== Quotes from emission factor database users ===
 
"In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase." 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
"Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients that are US based that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
"There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s [DESNZ] emissions factors for both Scope 1, and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. Finally, when calculating emissions from food and beverage purchases, I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD." 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
"When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them". 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
"- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology)." 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
"- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting." 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
"- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable." 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
"- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis." 
 
'''- Josh Couchman, Carbon Consultant'''

FAQ

2025-05-29T12:43:06Z

WikiSysop:

== CAA Wiki ==
=== 1. What is the CAA Wiki? ===
The CAA Wiki is an open-access, collaborative platform developed by the Carbon Accounting Alliance. It serves as a centralized resource for carbon accounting professionals, providing guidance, tools, and shared knowledge to promote consistency and transparency in greenhouse gas (GHG) measurement and reporting.
 
=== 2. Who can use or contribute to the Wiki? ===
While the Wiki is publicly accessible for reading, contributions are primarily made by CAA members, including professionals from software companies, consultancies, auditors, and sustainability managers. This collaborative approach ensures that the content remains accurate, relevant, and reflective of industry best practices.
 
=== 3. What topics are covered in the Wiki? ===
The Wiki encompasses a broad range of topics pertinent to carbon accounting, structured around various working groups. Key areas include:

· Emission Factors: Databases and methodologies for calculating emissions.

· Offsetting: Guidance on carbon offset projects and their accounting.

· Finance: Integration of carbon accounting in financial reporting.

· Regulations: Information on compliance and policy frameworks.

· Interoperability: Standards for data exchange between systems.

· Professionalisation: Efforts to establish professional standards and qualifications in the field. (Wikipedia)
 
=== 4. How is the Wiki maintained and updated? ===
The Wiki is maintained by volunteer chairs and members of the CAA's working groups. These groups collaborate to ensure the content remains current and reflective of the latest developments in carbon accounting standards and practices.
 
=== 5. Is there a cost to access the Wiki? ===
No, the CAA Wiki is freely accessible to the public. This open-access model aligns with the Alliance's commitment to transparency and widespread dissemination of best practices in carbon accounting.
 
=== 6. How does the Wiki support the professionalisation of carbon accounting? ===
The Wiki serves as a foundational resource for the CAA's initiative to professionalize the carbon accounting sector. By providing standardized guidance and fostering knowledge sharing, it supports the development of formal qualifications and consistent practices across the industry.
 
=== 7. How can I get involved with the CAA or contribute to the Wiki? ===
Individuals and organizations interested in contributing to the Wiki or participating in the CAA's initiatives can apply for membership through the Carbon Accounting Alliance website. Membership offers opportunities to join working groups, contribute to resources like the Wiki, and collaborate with professionals dedicated to advancing carbon accounting practices.
 
 
== Carbon Accounting Alliance ==
=== What is the Carbon Accounting Alliance (CAA)? ===
The Carbon Accounting Alliance (CAA) is a global coalition of professionals and organizations involved in measuring and reporting carbon emissions. This includes software companies, consultancies, auditors, in-house sustainability managers, standards bodies, and independent professionals. The alliance collaborates to address industry challenges, share best practices, and promote the development of robust standards. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== When was the CAA founded? ===
The CAA was officially launched in November 2023, evolving from an informal community to an organization aimed at fostering collaboration in the carbon accounting industry. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== What is the mission of the CAA? ===
The CAA's mission is to bring together carbon accounting professionals to collectively address challenges in the industry, share best practices, and promote the development of robust standards. The alliance believes that collaboration, rather than competition, is key to solving the climate crisis. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Who can become a member of the CAA? ===
Membership is open to organizations and professionals actively engaged in carbon accounting, including software companies, consultancies, auditors, in-house sustainability managers, standards bodies, and independent professionals. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== How can I join the CAA? ===
Interested parties can apply for membership through the CAA's official website. The application process involves agreeing to the alliance's code of conduct and demonstrating active involvement in carbon accounting. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Is there a fee to join the CAA? ===
As of now, the CAA does not charge a membership fee. However, members are expected to actively participate in the alliance's initiatives and adhere to its code of conduct.
 
=== What are the main objectives of the CAA? ===
The CAA focuses on three primary objectives:(wiki.treasurers.org)

1. Technical Alignment: Developing practical guidance and consistent interpretation of carbon accounting standards.(LinkedIn)

2. Professionalisation of the Sector: Collaborating with industry bodies to develop and drive adoption of professional qualifications for carbon accounting.(Carbon Accounting Alliance)

3. Engagement with Policy & Standards: Ensuring that policy and standards development is ambitious, fit for purpose, and considers the industry's perspective. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== What working groups does the CAA have? ===
The CAA has established various working groups focusing on areas such as emission factors, offsetting, finance, regulations, interoperability, and professionalisation. These groups collaborate to develop resources and guidance for the carbon accounting industry. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Does the CAA host events or conferences? ===
Yes, the CAA organizes events and conferences to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing among members. For instance, the alliance is planning its first conference on October 7, 2025, at Ladbroke Hall in London. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== What resources does the CAA provide to its members? ===
The CAA offers a range of resources, including a member-only community platform, working group outputs, and a wiki containing guidance on various aspects of carbon accounting. These resources aim to support members in their professional activities and promote best practices in the industry. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Is there a code of conduct for CAA members? ===
Yes, all CAA members are expected to adhere to a code of conduct that emphasizes active participation in carbon accounting, adherence to recognized standards (such as the GHG Protocol), commitment to scientific integrity, avoidance of anti-competitive practices, and respectful collaboration. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== How can I contact the CAA for more information? ===
For more information or specific inquiries, you can reach out to the CAA through the contact form available on their official website.
 
=== Where can I find more details about the CAA's initiatives and updates? ===
The CAA regularly publishes news and updates on its website, including information about partnerships, calls to action, and upcoming events.
 
For further details and the latest updates, please visit the Carbon Accounting Alliance's official website: https://www.carbonaccountingalliance.com/

FAQ

2025-05-29T12:33:27Z

WikiSysop: /* Where can I find more details about the CAA's initiatives and updates? */

=== 1. What is the CAA Wiki? ===
The CAA Wiki is an open-access, collaborative platform developed by the Carbon Accounting Alliance. It serves as a centralized resource for carbon accounting professionals, providing guidance, tools, and shared knowledge to promote consistency and transparency in greenhouse gas (GHG) measurement and reporting.
 
=== 2. Who can use or contribute to the Wiki? ===
While the Wiki is publicly accessible for reading, contributions are primarily made by CAA members, including professionals from software companies, consultancies, auditors, and sustainability managers. This collaborative approach ensures that the content remains accurate, relevant, and reflective of industry best practices.
 
=== 3. What topics are covered in the Wiki? ===
The Wiki encompasses a broad range of topics pertinent to carbon accounting, structured around various working groups. Key areas include:

· Emission Factors: Databases and methodologies for calculating emissions.

· Offsetting: Guidance on carbon offset projects and their accounting.

· Finance: Integration of carbon accounting in financial reporting.

· Regulations: Information on compliance and policy frameworks.

· Interoperability: Standards for data exchange between systems.

· Professionalisation: Efforts to establish professional standards and qualifications in the field. (Wikipedia)
 
=== 4. How is the Wiki maintained and updated? ===
The Wiki is maintained by volunteer chairs and members of the CAA's working groups. These groups collaborate to ensure the content remains current and reflective of the latest developments in carbon accounting standards and practices.
 
=== 5. Is there a cost to access the Wiki? ===
No, the CAA Wiki is freely accessible to the public. This open-access model aligns with the Alliance's commitment to transparency and widespread dissemination of best practices in carbon accounting.
 
=== 6. How does the Wiki support the professionalisation of carbon accounting? ===
The Wiki serves as a foundational resource for the CAA's initiative to professionalize the carbon accounting sector. By providing standardized guidance and fostering knowledge sharing, it supports the development of formal qualifications and consistent practices across the industry.
 
=== 7. How can I get involved with the CAA or contribute to the Wiki? ===
Individuals and organizations interested in contributing to the Wiki or participating in the CAA's initiatives can apply for membership through the Carbon Accounting Alliance website. Membership offers opportunities to join working groups, contribute to resources like the Wiki, and collaborate with professionals dedicated to advancing carbon accounting practices.
 
 
 
=== What is the Carbon Accounting Alliance (CAA)? ===
The Carbon Accounting Alliance (CAA) is a global coalition of professionals and organizations involved in measuring and reporting carbon emissions. This includes software companies, consultancies, auditors, in-house sustainability managers, standards bodies, and independent professionals. The alliance collaborates to address industry challenges, share best practices, and promote the development of robust standards. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== When was the CAA founded? ===
The CAA was officially launched in November 2023, evolving from an informal community to an organization aimed at fostering collaboration in the carbon accounting industry. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== What is the mission of the CAA? ===
The CAA's mission is to bring together carbon accounting professionals to collectively address challenges in the industry, share best practices, and promote the development of robust standards. The alliance believes that collaboration, rather than competition, is key to solving the climate crisis. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Who can become a member of the CAA? ===
Membership is open to organizations and professionals actively engaged in carbon accounting, including software companies, consultancies, auditors, in-house sustainability managers, standards bodies, and independent professionals. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== How can I join the CAA? ===
Interested parties can apply for membership through the CAA's official website. The application process involves agreeing to the alliance's code of conduct and demonstrating active involvement in carbon accounting. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Is there a fee to join the CAA? ===
As of now, the CAA does not charge a membership fee. However, members are expected to actively participate in the alliance's initiatives and adhere to its code of conduct.
 
=== What are the main objectives of the CAA? ===
The CAA focuses on three primary objectives:(wiki.treasurers.org)

1. Technical Alignment: Developing practical guidance and consistent interpretation of carbon accounting standards.(LinkedIn)

2. Professionalisation of the Sector: Collaborating with industry bodies to develop and drive adoption of professional qualifications for carbon accounting.(Carbon Accounting Alliance)

3. Engagement with Policy & Standards: Ensuring that policy and standards development is ambitious, fit for purpose, and considers the industry's perspective. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== What working groups does the CAA have? ===
The CAA has established various working groups focusing on areas such as emission factors, offsetting, finance, regulations, interoperability, and professionalisation. These groups collaborate to develop resources and guidance for the carbon accounting industry. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Does the CAA host events or conferences? ===
Yes, the CAA organizes events and conferences to facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing among members. For instance, the alliance is planning its first conference on October 7, 2025, at Ladbroke Hall in London. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== What resources does the CAA provide to its members? ===
The CAA offers a range of resources, including a member-only community platform, working group outputs, and a wiki containing guidance on various aspects of carbon accounting. These resources aim to support members in their professional activities and promote best practices in the industry. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== Is there a code of conduct for CAA members? ===
Yes, all CAA members are expected to adhere to a code of conduct that emphasizes active participation in carbon accounting, adherence to recognized standards (such as the GHG Protocol), commitment to scientific integrity, avoidance of anti-competitive practices, and respectful collaboration. (Carbon Accounting Alliance)
 
=== How can I contact the CAA for more information? ===
For more information or specific inquiries, you can reach out to the CAA through the contact form available on their official website.
 
=== Where can I find more details about the CAA's initiatives and updates? ===
The CAA regularly publishes news and updates on its website, including information about partnerships, calls to action, and upcoming events.
 
For further details and the latest updates, please visit the Carbon Accounting Alliance's official website: https://www.carbonaccountingalliance.com/

FAQ

2025-05-29T12:32:32Z

WikiSysop:

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T09:23:07Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EPD Library|EPD Library]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Open CEDA|Open CEDA]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EGRID|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Electricity Info|Electricity Info]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)]]
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:WIOD|WIOD (or EEIO)]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
=== Quotes from emission factor database users ===
 
"In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase." 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
"Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data." 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
"When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them". 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
"- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology)." 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
"- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting." 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
"- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable." 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
"- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis." 
 
'''- Josh Couchman, Carbon Consultant'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T09:21:05Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Advice */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EPD Library|EPD Library]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Open CEDA|Open CEDA]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
=== Quotes from emission factor database users ===
 
"In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase." 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
"Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data." 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
"When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them". 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
"- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology)." 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
"- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting." 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
"- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable." 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
"- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis." 
 
'''- Josh Couchman, Carbon Consultant'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T09:20:30Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Advice */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EPD Library|EPD Library]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Open CEDA|Open CEDA]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
=== Quotes from emission factor database users ===
 
"In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase." 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
"Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data." 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
"When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them". 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
"- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology)." 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
"- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting." 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
"- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable." 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
"- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis." 
 
'''- Josh Couchman, Carbon Consultant'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T09:18:41Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Advice */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EPD Library|EPD Library]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Open CEDA|Open CEDA]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
=== Quotes from emission factor database users ===
 
"In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase." 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
 
"Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data." 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg, Carbon Consultant''' 
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
"When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them". 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
"- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology)." 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
"- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting." 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
"- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable." 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
"- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis." 
 
'''- Josh Couchman, Carbon Consultant'''

Emission Factors:WIOD

2025-05-29T09:08:49Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = WIOD (aka EEIO) | Description = World Input-Output Tables and underlying data, covering 43 countries, and a model for the rest of the world for the period 2000-2014. Data for 56 sectors are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification revision 4 (ISIC Rev. 4). The tables adhere to the 2008 version of the SNA. Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to extern..."

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = WIOD (aka EEIO)

| Description = World Input-Output Tables and underlying data, covering 43 countries, and a model for the rest of the world for the period 2000-2014. Data for 56 sectors are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification revision 4 (ISIC Rev. 4). The tables adhere to the 2008 version of the SNA. Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide)

| Data Type = Spend-based

| Publisher Type = Research Organisation

| Number of Factors = 2464 EEIO factors (44 regions, 56 industries)

| Database Format = Raw economic tables

| Last Update = 2016

| Update Frequency = Seems to have been discontinued.

| Cost = Free

| Link = WIOD 2016 (https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/valuechain/wiod/)

| When to use = It's been quite a while since the last update, so other EEIO databases are likely preferable. However, it is still widely used in industry and academia.

| Limitations =

It seems to be discontinued, although it is still commonly referenced in literature Data is only to 2014

There's only one RoW region

The documentation is relatively limited

 

 

| Page Contributors = Josh Couchman

}}

Emission Factors:Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)

2025-05-29T09:07:51Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI) | Description = The Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI) is a emissions disclosure platform, which also contains a collection of open source emission factors available elsewhere and electricity emission factors for countries outside of the UK, USA, Canada, and Australia calculated by carbonfootprint.com. | Data Type = Activity-based, Spend-based | Publisher Type = Other, company emissions data is published..."

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)

| Description = The Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI) is a emissions disclosure platform, which also contains a collection of open source emission factors available elsewhere and electricity emission factors for countries outside of the UK, USA, Canada, and Australia calculated by carbonfootprint.com.

| Data Type = Activity-based, Spend-based

| Publisher Type = Other, company emissions data is published by companies themselves, emission factors from a range of sources

| Number of Factors = 245 electricity emission factors, 3860 products and materials activity-based factors, 8097 spend-based factors and 9745 company disclosures.

| Database Format = Online search.

| Last Update = Unknown

| Update Frequency = Unknown

| Cost = Free but registration is required.

| Link = CaDI (https://www.carbondi.com/#)

| When to use = CaDI has a range of uses due to the range of open source emission factors included. It can also be used for some supply chain calculations where company emissions data is sufficient for calculations.

| Limitations = N/A

 

 

| Page Contributors = Philippe Pernstitch

}}

Emission Factors:EGRID

2025-05-29T09:06:42Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = eGRID | Description = The Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) is on two areas: generation and emissions. eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion. The most relevant aggregation levels for calculating emissions resulting from electricity consumption in corporate inventories are the State and Subregion level. | Data Type = Activit..."

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = eGRID

| Description = The Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database (eGRID) is on two areas: generation and emissions. eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion. The most relevant aggregation levels for calculating emissions resulting from electricity consumption in corporate inventories are the State and Subregion level.

| Data Type = Activity-based

| Publisher Type = National Government

| Number of Factors = 88

| Database Format = Excel

| Last Update = 2025

| Update Frequency = Annual

| Cost = Free

| Link = https://www.epa.gov/egrid (Type eGrid and then link this to it)

| When to use = When calculating indirect emissions from electricity consumption, where the electricity supplier is not known, and a subregion, or state level emission factor will be used.

| Limitations = eGRID’s emissions and emission rates are calculated at the sources of generation and do not account for losses from transmission and distribution infrastructure. eGRID also does not account for any electricity that is import from or exported to areas outside of the aggregated area.

 

 

| Page Contributors = Christopher McClurg

}}

Emission Factors:Electricity Info

2025-05-29T09:05:28Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = Electricity Info | Description = A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity. Live, 24 hour forecasted, and historical. National and regional grid intensity available. They aggregate data from a number providers, e.g. Exelon, National Grid, etc., so you may be able to find more direct access to the data you're looking for there. There is also a new service, provided by Edinburgh Energy & Environment Consultancy...."

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = Electricity Info

| Description = A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity. Live, 24 hour forecasted, and historical. National and regional grid intensity available. They aggregate data from a number providers, e.g. Exelon, National Grid, etc., so you may be able to find more direct access to the data you're looking for there. There is also a new service, provided by Edinburgh Energy & Environment Consultancy.

| Data Type = Activity-based

| Publisher Type = Non-profit Organisation

| Number of Factors = Fuel mix factors for 17 regions in the UK, and national average. 35 supplier-specific fuel mix breakdowns.

| Database Format = National and regional data: Graphs with aggregate stats for your query, the data behind the graphs can be found by inspecting the page source if needed. Supplier fuel mix: Web table.

| Last Update = 2025

| Update Frequency = Unknown

| Cost = Free

| Link = Electricity Info (https://electricityinfo.org/)

| When to use = The provenance of the supplier data is not entirely clear. I'd advise against using this data for carbon accounting, but it could be used for informative purposes.

| Limitations = As above, also carbon intensity factors reflect emissions from generation only.

 

 

| Page Contributors = Josh Couchman

}}

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T09:05:00Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:EPD Library|EPD Library]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:Open CEDA|Open CEDA]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Emission Factors:Open CEDA

2025-05-29T09:01:21Z

WikiSysop:

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = Open CEDA

| Description = CEDA is a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) database. CEDA covers 400 industries across 148 countries and regions, covering 95% of the world's GDP. CEDA is annually updated with the most recent version released in 2024, using data from 2022. Open CEDA is the freely available version, advanced users must pay to use the full CEDA version which includes a breakdown of emissions by scope, GHG type and FLAG/non-FLAG.

| Data Type = Spend-based

| Publisher Type = Private Body

| Number of Factors = 60,000

| Database Format = Excel

| Last Update = 2024

| Update Frequency = Annual

| Cost = Open Data (Free)

| Link = https://watershed.com/solutions/ceda

| When to use = CEDA is typically used for Scope 3 corporate carbon accounting, particularly for Scopes 3.1 Purchased Goods and Services, 3.2 Capital Goods and 3.15 Financed Emissions.

| Limitations = Unknown.

 

 

| Page Contributors = Watershed Technology

}}

Emission Factors:Open CEDA

2025-05-29T08:58:16Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = Open CEDA | Description = CEDA is a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) database. CEDA covers 400 industries across 148 countries and regions, covering 95% of the world's GDP. CEDA is annually updated with the most recent version released in 2024, using data from 2022. | Data Type = Spend-based | Publisher Type = Private Body | Number of Factors = 60,000 | Database Format = Excel | Last Update = 2024 | Update..."

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = Open CEDA

| Description = CEDA is a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) database. CEDA covers 400 industries across 148 countries and regions, covering 95% of the world's GDP. CEDA is annually updated with the most recent version released in 2024, using data from 2022.

| Data Type = Spend-based

| Publisher Type = Private Body

| Number of Factors = 60,000

| Database Format = Excel

| Last Update = 2024

| Update Frequency = Annual

| Cost = Open Data (Free)

| Link = https://watershed.com/solutions/ceda

| When to use = CEDA is typically used for Scope 3 corporate carbon accounting, particularly for Scopes 3.1 Purchased Goods and Services, 3.2 Capital Goods and 3.15 Financed Emissions.

| Limitations = Unknown.

 

 

| Page Contributors = Watershed Technology

}}

Emission Factors:EPD Library

2025-05-29T08:57:29Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = EPD Library | Description = An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a report detailing a product or material’s environmental impact across its lifecycle including emissions from raw material extraction to end of life. The International EPD System is a library of verified EPDs covering a range of product categories. | Data Type = Activity-data | Publisher Type = Other, EPDs are published by companies and verified by external bodie..."

{{EFArticle

| Database Name = EPD Library

| Description = An Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) is a report detailing a product or material’s environmental impact across its lifecycle including emissions from raw material extraction to end of life. The International EPD System is a library of verified EPDs covering a range of product categories.

| Data Type = Activity-data

| Publisher Type = Other, EPDs are published by companies and verified by external bodies

| Number of Factors = > 12,000 EPDs

| Database Format = View EPD online of download as PDF

| Last Update = N/A

| Update Frequency = N/A (EPDs are added as they are created and updated when required)

| Cost = Free

| Link = https://www.environdec.com/library

| When to use = Use when processing quantity data for products or materials with available EPDs or when comparing the emissions of multiple products within the same category with available EPDs.

| Limitations = EPDs are not available for many products and available EPDs shouldn’t be used as averages for other similar products without detailed comparison discussions. Using EPDs outside of the region they were performed for (e.g. sometimes they are based on production in a specific factory and with that locations supply chains but production may be happening in multiple locations) can lead to inaccuracies. Transportation and distribution emissions from the supplier to a reporting organisation is also based on a use case in the EPD so actual data here would be more accurate for the purpose of organisational carbon footprinting.

 

 

| Page Contributors = Annie Tarpey

}}

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:56:00Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|EPD Library
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Library of verified Environmental Product Declarations to support lifecycle emission reporting.
|-
|Open CEDA
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Comprehensive database of global emission factors for detailed international scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:44:24Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|EPD Library
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|eGRID
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity and spend-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:42:25Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|EPD Library
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|eGRID
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|WIOD
|Spend-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity and spend-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:40:22Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
|EPD Library
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|eGRID
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|WIOD
|Spend-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative (CaDI)
|Activity and spend-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|
|Free
|
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:33:47Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| [[Emission Factors:GREET Model|GREET Model]]
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
| GHG Protocol Database
| Activity & spend-based
| Global
| Free
| A widely used emissions database for corporate and product carbon accounting.
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|[[Greet model|eGRID]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Emission Factors:GREET Model

2025-05-29T08:32:39Z

WikiSysop:

{{EFArticle
| Database Name = GREET Model
| Description = GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) is a life cycle assessment (LCA) model covering the environmental impact and energy use of vehicles, fuels, chemicals and materials (including plastics and biomaterials) across the different stages of the value chain. It is predominantly used to assess the impact of new vehicle types and to compare emissions from different fuel types. There are several versions within the GREET family, the most commonly used is R&D GREET.
| Publisher Type = Government body
| Number of Factors = Unknown
| Database Format = Excel, .NET
| Last Update = 2024
| Update Frequency = Annual
| Cost = Paid
| Link = https://greet.anl.gov/
| When to use = Comparing life cycle impacts of vehicles and fuels (including biofuels and SAF).
| Limitations = Complexities: Requires expertise in LCA methodologies to interpret data correctly.
Geographic coverage: While global, there is heavy USA bias.
Industry-specific gaps: tbc
 
 

| Page Contributors = Will Dennis
}}

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:31:03Z

WikiSysop:

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| GREET Model
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
| GHG Protocol Database
| Activity & spend-based
| Global
| Free
| A widely used emissions database for corporate and product carbon accounting.
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|eGRID
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice ==
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-29T08:29:00Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Advice */

<div style="font-size:180%; font-weight:bold; text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc;">
Emission Factors Portal
</div>

== Welcome to the Emission Factors Portal ==
This portal serves as a central hub for reviewed databases related to emission factors.
Here, you'll find a summary table of key databases, with links to detailed reviews.

== Emission Factors Database Summary ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Database Name
! Database Type
! Regions
! Free or Paid
! Description
|-
| [[Ecoinvent]]
| Activity-based
| Global
| Paid
| Comprehensive life cycle inventory data for carbon footprinting and sustainability assessments.
|-
| [[DESNZ Conversion Factors for Company Reporting]]
| Activity-based
| UK
| Free
| Official UK government emission factors for company reporting. Previously referred to as BEIS or Defra conversion factors.
|-
|[[EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of air pollutants, not given in CO2e.
|-
| GREET Model
| Activity-based
| USA
| Free
| Argonne National Laboratory’s tool for transportation emissions and life cycle analysis.
|-
| GHG Protocol Database
| Activity & spend-based
| Global
| Free
| A widely used emissions database for corporate and product carbon accounting.
|-
|[[Agribalyse]]
|Activity-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME), is a public database that provides detailed life cycle assessment data for agricultural and food products.
|-
|[[Base Empreinte]]
|Activity & spend-based
|France
|Free
|Managed by the French Environment Agency (ADEME). It focuses on carbon emissions related to various sectors, providing emission factors for a wide range of activities, products and services.
|-
|[[EEA Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Electricity Generation in Europe]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Generation emission factors for electricity in European countries.
|-
|[[Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework|Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Globally recognized emission factors for freight transportation; covering road, rail, air, sea, and inland waterways.
|-
|[[Umweltbundesamt (UBA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Germany
|Free
|The Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Germany’s Environment Agency, provides emission factors for various sectors, including energy, industry, transport, and agriculture.
|-
|[[OEKOBAUDAT]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|OEKOBAUDAT is a German government-managed database for environmental impacts and emissions associated with construction materials and buildings.
|-
|[[EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Regularly updated and easy-to-use set of default emission factors for organizational greenhouse gas reporting.
|-
|[[Emission Factors:California Air Resources Board (CARB)|California Air Resources Board (CARB)]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|CARB maintains a list of the Global Warming Potential for the most common refrigerants regulated under their Refrigerant Management Program
|-
|[[WRAP]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|Provides a repository of secondary emission factors for food and drink that organisations can use for scope 3 reporting.
|-
|[[Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials (PCAF) European Building Emission Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of the embodied emissions of commercial real estate and mortgages for financial institutions in Europe.
|-
|[[Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO)]]
|Activity-based
|Netherlands
|Free
|List of emission factors including Tank-to-Wheel, Well-to-Tank and biogenic emissions
|-
|[[Eora Global Supply Chain Database]]
|Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO)
|Global
|Paid
|MRIO model that provides a time series of high-resolution IO tables with matching environmental and social satellite accounts for 190 countries.
|-
|[[Government of Canada GHG Emission Files]]
|Government Database
|Canada
|Free
|Canadian emission factors created following IPCC guidance for national reporting. Can be applied to some activities for organisational reporting.
|-
|[[AIB Residual Mix Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Europe & UK
|Free
|AIB publishes annual residual grid emission factors for European countries aligned to the reporting requirement under the market-based approach in the GHG Protocol scope 2 guidance.
|-
|[[Green-e Residual Mix Emissions Rates|Green-e Residual Emissions Rates]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission rates that can be used to calculate scope 2 market-based emissions for US entities where electricity tariff information is not available.
|-
|[[International Energy Agency (IEA) Emission Factors]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Paid
|Provides international electricity and heat generation emission factors.
|-
|[[IPCC Emissions Factor Database]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free
|To be used in calculation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.
|-
|[[EEI CO2 Emissions Database]]
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|Database of market-based EFs for electricity suppliers in the US
|-
|[[The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database]]
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) Database is an embodied carbon database for building materials.
|-
|[[Plastics Europe Eco-profiles Set]]
|Activity-based
|Europe
|Free
|Lifecycle inventories and Environmental Production Declarations for a large number of different plastics.
|-
|eGRID
|Activity-based
|USA
|Free
|eGRID separates electricity generation and emissions across several aggregation levels: Generator, Plant, State, and Subregion.
|-
|[[Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis (FIGARO)]]
|Spend-based
|Europe & G20
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Globalisation Indicators and Environmental footprints (GHG emissions).
|-
|[[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) Default Values]]
|Activity-based
|Global
|Free & Paid
|A policy tool implemented by the EU for carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU.
|-
|Electricity Info
|Activity-based
|UK
|Free
|A selection of datasets on UK electricity fuel mix and carbon intensity.
|-
|Carbon Database Initiative
|Activity & spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Country electricity EFs outside UK, USA, Canada and Australia are calculated by Carbonfootprint.com
|-
|WIOD (or EEIO)
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|Includes aligned Input Output Tables, Supply-Use Tables, Socio Economic Accounts and links to external Environment Accounts (energy + carbon dioxide).
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.8]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Free
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EXIOBASE 3.9]]
|Spend-based
|Global
|Paid
|An environmentally extended multi-regional input‐output (EE MRIO) database providing spend-based emission factors covering a wide range of products and countries.
|-
|[[EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors by NAICS-6]]
|Spend-based
|USA
|Free
|Emission factors for the calculation of direct and indirect emissions associated with a U.S. commodity code per dollar.
|}

== Emission Factors Advice == 
 
'''Which Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) Database Should You Use?''' 
 
When choosing a free EEIO database, two of the best options are EXIOBASE (3.8) and FIGARO. Both offer multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data for environmental footprinting, but there are a few things you may want to consider when deciding between them. 
 
'''Data Recency & Updates''' 
 
- FIGARO provides data for 2022, with an update released in 2024, making it the most up-to-date option. 
- EXIOBASE is based on 2019 data, last updated in 2021. 
- Adjusting older data for inflation can approximate more recent years, but this does not account for structural industry changes, which may be significant in sectors undergoing rapid transformation (e.g., energy, transport, technology). 
 
'''Credibility & Citation''' 
 
- FIGARO is produced by Eurostat, ensuring high reliability and official backing. 
- EXIOBASE is widely cited in both academia and industry, making it a recognized standard in research and corporate reporting. 
 
'''Granularity & Disaggregation''' 
 
- EXIOBASE is more highly disaggregated, meaning it provides finer sectoral breakdowns. However, greater disaggregation does not necessarily mean greater accuracy - smaller categories can introduce extreme values due to methodological assumptions made during the disaggregation process. 
- FIGARO is somewhat more aggregated, but this can reduce noise and make results more stable. 
 
'''Which One Should You Use?''' 
 
- If latest data accuracy is critical (e.g., recent policy impacts, pandemic/post-pandemic shifts), FIGARO is likely the better choice. 
- If official European data is a priority for consistency with Eurostat methodologies, FIGARO is a strong choice. 
- If you need greater sectoral detail and are comfortable with the potential for more extreme values, EXIOBASE may be preferable. 
- If you’re looking for a widely accepted dataset for academic research or corporate reporting, EXIOBASE has stronger precedent, but this is mainly because FIGARO is newer. 
- If you aren't familiar with EEIO database and calculating emission factors from them, EXIOBASE may be a better choice because pre-calculated emission factors available via Climatiq. 
 
There is no clear winner - comparisons between the two have been inconclusive. The right choice depends on your specific use case and whether recency, granularity, or institutional backing is more important for your analysis. 
 
'''- Josh Couchman''' 
 
 
In general, we aim to use emission factors with the highest geographic relevance. For the UK, US, Canada, Australia and France, this means using the respective government EF data. Elsewhere, we use IEA for electricity and occasionally fuels. For other activities, where we do not have geographically specific EFs, our default tends to be Defra, although for US clients we may apply EPA to their international activities, as well. Quite commonly, we will adapt our EF selection to individual client requirements. 
 
For spend-based calculations, we use the EPA EEIO set for the US. Elsewhere, we are currently using WIOD but are in the process of selecting a replacement multi-regional EEIO set that is supported and maintained on an annual basis. This might be CEDA, SWC MRIO or Exiobase. 
 
'''- Philippe Pernstitch''' 
 
 
Generally, I use EFDBs provided by the national government of my client. For most of my clients, that are US based, that means I use the EPA GHG Emission Factors Hub and the supporting Supply Chain GHG Factors. Similarly, for my Canadian clients I use the Government of Canada’s emissions factors from their data catalogue. 
 
There are some gaps in these sources though. Specifically, when calculating emissions from bio-based fuels I rely on DEFRA’s emissions factors for both Scope 1 and Biogenic emissions calculations. Also, there are some refrigerants that are not provided by the EPA GHG Hub, and in those circumstances, I resort to the list of High Global Warming Potential Refrigerants that is maintained by CARB, the California Air Resources Board. 
 
Finally, there are two databases that I use often which I realize now aren’t on our list (which I’d be happy to send summaries for). My clients often receive mass and material-based data for their food purchases. When calculating emissions from food purchases I use the University of Michigan’s dataFIELD. My clients also often receive mass and material-based data for purchase categories like Signage, or Construction materials. To calculate emissions from these purchases I used the EPA’s WARM Model and their Source Reduction data. 
 
'''- Christopher McClurg'''

Emission Factors:GREET Model

2025-05-14T10:26:39Z

WikiSysop: Created page with "{{EFArticle | Database Name = GREET Model | Description = GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) is a life cycle assessment (LCA) model covering the environmental impact and energy use of vehicles, fuels, chemicals and materials (including plastics and biomaterials) across the different stages of the value chain. It is predominantly used to assess the impact of new vehicle types and to compare emissions from different fuel types. Th..."

{{EFArticle
| Database Name = GREET Model
| Description = GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies) is a life cycle assessment (LCA) model covering the environmental impact and energy use of vehicles, fuels, chemicals and materials (including plastics and biomaterials) across the different stages of the value chain. It is predominantly used to assess the impact of new vehicle types and to compare emissions from different fuel types. There are several versions within the GREET family, the most commonly used is R&D GREET.
| Publisher Type = Government body
| Number of Factors = tbc
| Database Format = tbc
| Last Update = 2024
| Update Frequency = Annual
| Cost = Paid
| Link = https://greet.anl.gov/
| When to use = Comparing life cycle impacts of vehicles and fuels (including biofuels and SAF).
| Limitations = Complexities: Requires expertise in LCA methodologies to interpret data correctly.
Geographic coverage: While global, there is heavy USA bias.
Industry-specific gaps: tbc
 
 

| Page Contributors = Will Dennis
}}

Portal:Emission Factors

2025-05-14T09:25:15Z

WikiSysop: /* Emission Factors Database Summary */

Portal:Interoperability

2025-03-20T16:40:24Z

WikiSysop: Protected "Portal:Interoperability" ([Edit=Allow only administrators] (indefinite) [Move=Allow only administrators] (indefinite))

{{Portal
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Portal:Product Carbon Footprinting

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Portal:Emission Factors

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CAA Wiki Homepage

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<div id="header">

<div id="nav">
[[About]] | [[Measurement Guidance]] | [[Portal:Emission Factors|Emission Factors]] | [[Boundary Setting]] | [[Product Emissions]]
</div>
</div>

<div id="content">
<h1>Welcome to the Carbon Accounting Alliance Wiki</h1>
This wiki is a resource for CAA members anyone with questions about carbon accounting. Use the navigation bar above to explore key sections.

About
Learn more about the CAA and the wiki [[About|here]].

Measurement Guidance
Explore guidance around measuring emissions [[Measurement Guidance|here]].

Emission Factors
See content relating to the use of emission factors [[Emission Factors|here]].

Boundary Setting
For guidance around boundary setting see [[Boundary Setting|here]].

Recent Changes
Stay updated with the latest edits [[Special:RecentChanges|here]].
</div>

MediaWiki has been installed.

Consult the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents User's Guide] for information on using the wiki software.

== Getting started ==
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]

MediaWiki:Sidebar

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Portal:Interoperability

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| description = Information about emission factors, their calculation, and usage.
| category = Offsetting
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Emission Factors:Ecoinvent

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{{EFArticle
| Database Name = ecoinvent
| Description = ecoinvent is one of the most comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) databases, providing emission factors and environmental impact data across multiple industries. It covers energy, transport, materials, chemicals, agriculture, and waste management. ecoinvent is widely used in life cycle assessments (LCA), carbon footprint calculations, and sustainability reporting.
| Publisher Type = Private body
| Number of Factors = 34,749
| Database Format = Online search, .xlsx
| Last Update = 2024
| Update Frequency = Ad Hoc, Annual
| Cost = Paid
| Link = https://ecoinvent.org ecoinvent
| When to use = This is the de-facto standard for life-cycle inventory data.
| Limitations = Complexities: Requires expertise in LCA methodologies to interpret data correctly.
Geographic coverage: While global, some regions have limited specific data, relying on estimates.
Industry-specific gaps: Certain newer industries may have limited or outdated data.
| Page Contributors = Michelle Steiner, Morna Isaac
}}

Emission Factors:Ecoinvent

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{{EFArticle
| Database Name = ecoinvent
| Description = ecoinvent is one of the most comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) databases, providing emission factors and environmental impact data across multiple industries. It covers energy, transport, materials, chemicals, agriculture, and waste management. ecoinvent is widely used in life cycle assessments (LCA), carbon footprint calculations, and sustainability reporting.
| Publisher Type = Private body
| Number of Factors = 34,749
| Database Format = Online search, .xlsx
| Last Update = 2024
| Update Frequency = Ad Hoc, Annual
| Cost = Paid
| Link = [https://ecoinvent.org ecoinvent]
| When to use = This is the de-facto standard for life-cycle inventory data.
| Limitations = Complexities: Requires expertise in LCA methodologies to interpret data correctly.
Geographic coverage: While global, some regions have limited specific data, relying on estimates.
Industry-specific gaps: Certain newer industries may have limited or outdated data.
| Page Contributors = Michelle Steiner, Morna Isaac
}}

Emission Factors:Ecoinvent

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{{EFArticle
| Database Name = ecoinvent
| Description = ecoinvent is one of the most comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) databases, providing emission factors and environmental impact data across multiple industries. It covers energy, transport, materials, chemicals, agriculture, and waste management. ecoinvent is widely used in life cycle assessments (LCA), carbon footprint calculations, and sustainability reporting.
| Publisher Type = Private body
| Number of Factors = 34,749
| Database Format = Online search, .xlsx
| Last Update = 2024
| Update Frequency = Ad Hoc, Annual
| Cost = Paid
| Link = [https://ecoinvent.org]
| When to use = This is the de-facto standard for life-cycle inventory data.
| Limitations = Complexities: Requires expertise in LCA methodologies to interpret data correctly.
Geographic coverage: While global, some regions have limited specific data, relying on estimates.
Industry-specific gaps: Certain newer industries may have limited or outdated data.
| Page Contributors = Michelle Steiner, Morna Isaac
}}

Template:EFArticle

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WikiSysop: /* Metadata */

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